MER Article Kuran, The Long Divergence Timur Kuran, The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East (Princeton, 2011). Readers looking at the title of Timur Kuran’s new book might be forgiven for thinking it had come from some pre-Orientalism time warp where it was still possible to make essentialist generalizations about Roger Owen • 4 min read
MER Article Petrodollars at Work and in Play in the Post-September 11 Decade What does one do with a $1.3 trillion windfall? That was the cumulative value of current account surpluses that flushed into the Arab region from 2000 to 2008, according to the International Monetary Fund. The main source was hydrocarbon export revenues, thanks to the rise in demand for oil Karen Pfeifer • 21 min read
MER Article The Imam's Blue Boxes A fashionable description of the Islamic Republic of Iran is “garrison state,” a concept that originated in the West in the early 1940s. In a garrison state, the ruling elite is mainly composed of “specialists in violence,” and military bureaucrats dominate the social and civil spheres. In Iran’s ca Kevan Harris • 4 min read
MER Article The Politics of Subsidy Reform in Iran Although most Iranians forget it today, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was elected in 2005 on a platform of technocratic competence. The clique surrounding his rise to mayor of Tehran and beyond once called themselves Abadgaran, “the Developers.” In a column four months after Ahmadinejad’s election to the Iranian presidency, commentator Saeed Kevan Harris • 14 min read
MER Article Locked In, Locked Out of Work Article VI, Item 2 of the 1993 Oslo accords concluded between Israel and the Palestinians states, “After the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles and the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area, with the view to promoting economic development in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, au Jennifer Olmsted • 11 min read
MER Article Livelihoods Up in Smoke On the streets of Turkish cities, the cigarette packs being traded and tucked into shirt pockets are adorned with the familiar brand names of Philip Morris and British American Tobacco. The ubiquity of foreign brands is remarkable, for Turkey is the world’s leading producer of Oriental tobacco—the s Ebru Kayaalp • 11 min read
MER Article How Lebanon Has Weathered the Storm One would imagine that, of all the countries in the Middle East, Lebanon would be among the hardest hit by the global financial crisis. Famous for its weak central state and ferociously capitalist private sector, Lebanon has the closest thing to a free market in the region. It has a dollar-based eco Nisreen Salti, Aslı Bâli • 9 min read
MER Article Making Big Money on Iraq Kuwait has its diwaniyyas, Yemen its qat chews. But for languorous trade in rumor, gossip and flashes of political insight, there is no substitute for chain-smoking and eating Iraqi masgouf. At one of several Iraqi establishments in Sharjah, a down-market cousin of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates Pete Moore • 18 min read
MER Article Remittances and Development The Middle East and North Africa have been hit hard by the global recession. Several of the oil-rich Gulf states are in the midst of an economic contraction, with their famed sovereign wealth funds having lost 27 percent of their value in 2008. The Gulf states, along with the European Union, buy mos Sameera Fazili • 6 min read
MER Article The Gulf Comes Down to Earth Between the summer of 2008 and the beginning of 2009, oil prices plummeted from a high of $147 per barrel to a low of $33. This extraordinary reversal of fortune announced the end of the second oil boom for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) -- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Ar Kristen Smith Diwan, Fareed Mohamedi • 21 min read
MER Article From the Editors (Fall 2009) “In this world,” wrote the left economist Doug Henwood in these pages in 1993, “the only thing worse than being part of the evolving economic hierarchy is being excluded from it. So far, the Middle East is largely excluded.” Amid the downturn in the global economy inaugurated by the Wall The Editors • 9 min read
Current Analysis Damietta Mobilizes for Its Environment In 2008, Egypt’s Mediterranean port city of Damietta saw escalating protest against EAgrium, a Canadian consortium building a large fertilizer complex in Ra’s al-Barr. Ra’s al-Barr sits at the end of an estuary, where the Damietta branch of the Nile River joins the Mediterranean. It is a prime desti Sharif Elmusa, Jeannie Sowers • 16 min read
