Middle East Research and Information Project

Critical Coverage of the Middle East Since 1971

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Hannah Rae Armstrong

Hannah Rae Armstrong is a writer and adviser on peace and security with over a decade of field-based experience in North Africa and the Sahel.

Exit France—The Influence of External Actors in the Sahel Region — French soldiers patrol the streets of the village of Guintou near Gao on December 4, 2021. Thomas Coex/AFP via Getty Images

MER Article

Exit France—The Influence of External Actors in the Sahel Region

Where France went wrong in Mali.

Hannah Rae Armstrong • 11 min read