[Christian Henderson is a lecturer in international relations and modern Middle East studies at Leiden University.]
An irrigation system waters an alfalfa field in Butler Valley, Arizona belonging to Fondomonte, a subsidiary of the Saudi dairy company Almarai, 2023. Caitlin O’Hara for The Washington Post via Getty ImagesSatellite images show the expansion of irrigated land in the Toshka lakes area of Egypt from 2019 to 2023. Images sourced from the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center.